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Pille Penjam. Grammatical Functions of the Verb tulema in Written Estonian |
2006, nr. 1 |
The tulema verb has 6 grammatical functions
in written Estonian: it is used as a means of expressing deontic
or dynamic modality, as a phase verb, as an auxiliary verb for
expressing future and as a component in serial constructions,
as a hortative and as an affixal adverb in phrasal verbs. The
central grammatical function of the verb tulema in modern
Estonian is to express the modality of obligation and necessity;
a modal construction related to the verb tulema is one
of the most essential means expressing agent-oriented obligation.
This article offers an overview of the emergence and evolution
of modal constructions of the verb tulema in written Estonian;
in addition, some other forms of grammatical usage of the verb
tulema in the written Estonian of the 17th–20th centuries
have been analysed.
Keywords: written language, history
of written Estonian, semantics, grammatical functions of verb,
modality, modal verbs.
Pille Penjam (b. 1981), MA, University of Tartu,
Chair of Estonian language
pille.penjam@ut.ee
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